He aha ke kumumanaʻo o nā pūhui metala e komo ana i nā kukuna infrared a he aha kāna mau mea hoʻoikaika?
ʻO nā pūhui metala, me nā pūhui honua laha ʻole, he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka absorption infrared. Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i nā metala laha ʻole a me nā mea hoʻohui honua.ʻenehana UrbanMines. Co., Ltd. lawelawe ʻo ia ma kahi o 1/8 o nā mea kūʻai aku o ka honua no ka absorption infrared. No ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau loea a kā mākou mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i kēia mea, ua hōʻuluʻulu ke kikowaena noiʻi a hoʻomohala o kā mākou hui i kēia ʻatikala e hāʻawi i nā pane.
1. ʻO ke kumu a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka infrared absorption e nā pūhui metala
Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ke kumu o ka infrared absorption e nā pūhui metala ma ka vibration o kā lākou molecular structure a me nā mea paʻa kemika. E aʻo ana ka spectroscopy infrared i ke ʻano molekala ma ke ana ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka vibration intramolecular a me nā pae ikehu rotational. ʻO ka haʻalulu o nā mea paʻa kemika i loko o nā pūhui metala e alakaʻi i ka absorption infrared, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea paʻa metala-organic i loko o nā pūhui metala-organic, ka haʻalulu o nā mea paʻa inorganic he nui, a me ka haʻalulu aniani, e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka spectrum infrared.
Ka hana ʻana o nā pūhui metala ʻokoʻa i loko o ka spectra infrared:
(1) MXene mea: MXene mea he elua-dimensional transition metala-carbon/nitrogen pūhui me nā mea waiwai, metala conductivity, he nui kiko'ī ili, a me ka hana ili. Loaʻa iā ia nā pākēneka infrared absorption ʻokoʻa i nā pūʻulu kokoke-infrared a me waena-/far-infrared a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka camouflage infrared, hoʻololi photothermal, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki i hala.
(2).
Nā hihia pili pono
(1). Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi pono i nā ʻano infrared o ka pahuhopu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hūnā2.
(2).Photothermal conversion : Loaʻa i nā mea MXene nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa i waena o nā pūʻulu infrared mid/far, kūpono ia no nā noi hoʻololi photothermal a hiki ke hoʻololi pono i ka ikehu māmā i ka ikehu wela2.
(3) Nā lako puka aniani: Hoʻohana ʻia nā haku mele i loaʻa nā mea hoʻoheheʻe infrared i nā mea puka makani e pale pono ai i nā kukuna infrared a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka ikehu 3.
Hōʻike kēia mau hihia noi i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka pono o nā pūhui metala i ka absorption infrared, ʻoi aku ko lākou kuleana nui i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻoihana hou.
2. ʻO wai nā pūhui metala e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kukuna infrared?
ʻO nā pūhui metala hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kukuna infraredantimony tin oxide (ATO), indium tin oxide (ITO), alumini zinc oxide (AZO), tungsten trioxide (WO3), hao tetroxide (Fe3O4) a me strontium titanate (SrTiO3).
2.1 Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoheheʻe infrared o nā pūhui metala
Antimony tin oxide (ATO): Hiki iā ia ke pale i ke kukui infrared kokoke me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu ma mua o 1500 nm, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i ke kukui ultraviolet a me ke kukui infrared me ka lōʻihi haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 1500 nm.
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): E like me ATO, loaʻa iā ia ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i ke kukui kokoke-infrared.
Zinc aluminum oxide (AZO): He hana no ka pale ʻana i ke kukui infrared kokoke.
ʻO Tungsten trioxide (WO3): Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena plasmon resonance o ka honua a me ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe polaron liʻiliʻi, hiki ke pale i ka radiation infrared me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 780-2500 nm, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa a maʻalahi.
Fe3O4: Loaʻa iā ia ka infrared absorption maikaʻi a me nā waiwai pane wela a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea ʻike infrared a me nā mea ʻike.
Strontium titanate (SrTiO3): loaʻa i ka infrared absorption maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai optical, kūpono no nā mea ʻike infrared a me nā mea ʻike.
ʻO Erbium fluoride (ErF3) : he hui honua laha ʻole e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kukuna infrared. Loaʻa i ka Erbium fluoride nā kristal kala-rose, kahi heheʻe o 1350 ° C, kahi paila o 2200 ° C, a me kahi mānoanoa o 7.814g/cm³. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i loko o nā uhi optical, fiber doping, laser crystals, single-crystal raw material, laser amplifier, catalyst additives, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.
2.2 Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūhui metala i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe infrared
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau mea metala i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe infrared. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ATO, ITO, a me AZO i ka conductive transparent, antistatic, nā pale pale radiation a me nā electrodes transparent; Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo WO3 i nā ʻano insulation wela, absorption, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea infrared ma muli o kāna hana pale kokoke-infrared maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai ʻole. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia mau pūhui metala ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana infrared ma muli o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona infrared absorption kūikawā.
2.3 ʻO wai nā pūhui honua laha ʻole e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kukuna infrared?
Ma waena o nā mea ʻeleʻele honua, hiki i ka lanthanum hexaboride a me ka nano-sized lanthanum boride ke komo i nā kukuna infrared.Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)he mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka radar, aerospace, ʻoihana uila, mea kani, nā mea lapaʻau, metallurgy mea hana hale, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka lanthanum hexaboride hoʻokahi kristal he mea ia no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu electron mana kiʻekiʻe, magnetrons, electron beams, ion beam, a me nā cathodes accelerator.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nano-scale lanthanum boride ka waiwai o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā kukuna infrared. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka uhi ʻana ma ka ʻili o nā pepa kiʻiʻoniʻoni polyethylene e pale i nā kukuna infrared mai ka lā. ʻOiai e ʻohi ana i nā kukuna infrared, ʻaʻole e komo ka lanthanum boride nano-scale i nā kukui ʻike ʻia. Hiki i kēia mea ke pale aku i nā kukuna infrared mai ke komo ʻana i ke aniani puka makani i nā piʻi wela, a hiki ke hoʻohana pono i ka māmā a me ka ikehu wela i nā piʻi anuanu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano mea ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻano he nui, me ka pūʻali koa, ka ikehu nuklea, ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā huahana mea kūʻai aku i kēlā me kēia lā. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka lanthanum e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana tactical o nā alloys i nā mea kaua a me nā mea hana, hoʻohana ʻia ka gadolinium a me kāna isotopes e like me nā neutron absorbers i ka māla nuklea, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka cerium e like me ke aniani additive e hoʻomoʻa i nā kukui ultraviolet a me ka infrared.
ʻO Cerium, ma ke ʻano he aniani hoʻohui, hiki ke komo i nā kukui ultraviolet a me ka infrared a hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa i ke aniani kaʻa. ʻAʻole ia e pale wale i nā kukuna ultraviolet akā e hoʻemi pū i ka mahana i loko o ke kaʻa, pēlā e mālama ai i ka uila no ka ea ea. Mai ka makahiki 1997, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke aniani kaʻa Iapana me ka cerium oxide, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa i ka makahiki 1996.
3.Nā waiwai a me nā mea hoʻololi o ka infrared absorption e nā mea metala
3.1 ʻO nā waiwai a me nā mea e hoʻohuli ai i ka infrared absorption e nā pūhui metala ka mea nui i kēia mau ʻano:
Ka nui o ka absorption: He ʻokoʻa ka helu absorption o nā pūhui metala i nā kukuna infrared ma muli o nā mea like me ke ʻano metala, kūlana ʻili, wela, a me ka lōʻihi o nā kukuna infrared. ʻO nā metala maʻamau e like me ka aluminika, ke keleawe, a me ka hao ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa ka helu absorption o nā kukuna infrared ma waena o 10% a me 50% ma ka lumi wela. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka helu absorption o ka ʻili alumini maʻemaʻe i nā kukuna infrared i ka lumi wela ma kahi o 12%, aʻo ka nui o ka absorption o ka ʻili keleawe koʻikoʻi hiki ke hiki i kahi 40%.
3.2 Nā waiwai a me nā mea hoʻoikaika o ka absorption infrared e nā pūhui metala:
ʻAno metala: He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano metala ʻokoʻa a me nā hoʻonohonoho electron, e hopena i kā lākou hiki ke komo ʻokoʻa no nā kukuna infrared.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻili: ʻO ke ʻano ʻino, ka papa ʻokikene, a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili metala e hoʻopilikia i ka helu absorption.
Ka wela: E hoʻololi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana i ke kūlana uila i loko o ka metala, a laila e pili ana i kona komo ʻana i nā kukuna infrared.
Ka lōʻihi nalu: ʻO nā lōʻihi hawewe ʻokoʻa o nā kukuna infrared he ʻokoʻa ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā metala.
Nā hoʻololi ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī: Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia ka nui o ka absorption o nā kukuna infrared e nā metala. No ka laʻana, ke uhi ʻia kahi ʻili metala me kahi papa o nā mea kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kona hiki ke komo i nā kukuna infrared. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kūlana uila o nā metala i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi i ka piʻi o ka absorption rate.
Nā papa noi: ʻO nā waiwai infrared absorption o nā pūhui metala he waiwai hoʻohana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenehana infrared, thermal imaging, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ma ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka uhi a i ʻole ka mahana o kahi ʻili metala, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia kona absorption o nā kukuna infrared, e ʻae i nā noi i ke ana wela, ke kiʻi thermal, etc.
Ka Hana Hoʻokolohua a me ka Noi ʻIke: Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka helu absorption o nā kukuna infrared e nā metala ma o nā ana hoʻokolohua a me nā haʻawina ʻoihana. He mea nui kēia ʻikepili no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā waiwai optical o nā pūhui metala a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā noi pili.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, pili nā waiwai infrared absorption o nā pūhui metala e nā kumu he nui a hiki ke loli nui ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau waiwai i nā kula he nui.