Menene Rare-Earths?
Rare earths, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙananan abubuwan duniya, suna komawa zuwa abubuwa 17 akan tebur na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda suka haɗa da jerin lanthanide daga lambobin atomic 57, lanthanum (La) zuwa 71, lutetium (Lu), da scandium (Sc) da yttrium (Y) .
Daga sunan, wanda zai iya ɗauka cewa waɗannan "baƙaƙe ba ne," amma dangane da shekarun da za a iya amfani da su (yawan adadin ajiyar da aka tabbatar don samar da shekara-shekara) da yawan su a cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya, sun fi girma fiye da gubar ko zinc.
Ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa maras tsada, mutum zai iya tsammanin canje-canje masu ban mamaki ga fasaha na al'ada; canje-canje kamar haɓakar fasaha ta hanyar sabbin ayyuka da aka samo, haɓakawa ga dorewa a cikin kayan gini da ingantaccen ƙarfin kuzari don injunan lantarki da kayan aiki.
Game da Rare-Earth Oxides
Ƙungiyar Rare-Earth Oxides wani lokaci ana kiranta da Rare Duniya kawai ko wani lokaci a matsayin REO. Wasu ƙananan karafa na ƙasa sun sami ƙarin ƙasa zuwa aikace-aikacen ƙasa a cikin ƙarfe, yumbu, yin gilashi, rini, lasers, talabijin da sauran abubuwan lantarki. Muhimmancin karafa da ba kasafai ake samu ba tabbas yana kan hauhawa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa, yawancin kayan da ke cikin ƙasa mai wuyar gaske tare da aikace-aikacen masana'antu sune ko dai oxides, ko kuma an samo su daga oxides.
Dangane da aikace-aikacen masana'antu masu girma da balagagge na ƙarancin ƙasa oxides, amfani da su a cikin abubuwan haɓakawa (kamar a cikin hanyoyin mota na motoci), a cikin masana'antun da ke da alaƙa da gilashi (yin gilashi, yin ado ko launi, goge gilashi da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa), da dindindin. Masana'antar maganadisu suna kusan kashi 70% na yawan amfanin ƙasa oxides. Sauran mahimman aikace-aikacen masana'antu sun shafi masana'antar ƙarfe (amfani da ƙari a cikin Fe ko Al alloys), yumbu (musamman a yanayin Y), aikace-aikacen haske (a cikin nau'i na phosphor), azaman abubuwan haɗin baturi, ko a cikin m Kwayoyin man fetur oxide, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, amma ba ƙasa da mahimmanci ba, akwai aikace-aikacen ƙananan sikelin, kamar amfani da ilimin halittu na tsarin nanoparticulated wanda ke ɗauke da oxides na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba don maganin cutar kansa ko azaman alamun gano ƙwayar cuta, ko azaman kayan kwalliyar rana don kariyar fata.
Game da Rare-Earth Compounds
High tsarki Rare-Earth mahadi ana samar daga ores ta hanyar da wadannan hanya: jiki taro (misali, flotation), leaching, bayani tsarkakewa ta sauran ƙarfi hakar, rare duniya rabuwa da sauran ƙarfi hakar, mutum rare duniya fili hazo. A ƙarshe waɗannan mahadi suna samar da carbonate na kasuwa, hydroxide, phosphates da fluorides.
Kimanin kashi 40 cikin 100 na samar da ƙasa da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba a sigar ƙarfe-don yin maganadiso, na'urorin lantarki, da gami. Ana yin karafa ne daga mahaɗan da ke sama ta hanyar zazzaɓi mai haɗaɗɗiyar gishirin lantarki da rage yawan zafin jiki tare da raguwar ƙarfe, misali, calcium ko lanthanum.
Ana amfani da ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a cikin masu zuwa:
●Magnets (har zuwa magneto 100 kowace sabuwar mota)
● Abubuwan da ke kara kuzari (hasken mota da fashewar man fetur)
● Gilashin goge foda don allon talabijin da fayafai masu adana bayanan gilashi
● Batura masu caji (musamman na motoci masu haɗaka)
● Photonics (luminescence, fluorescence da na'urorin haɓaka haske)
Ana sa ran Magnets da photonics za su yi girma sosai cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa
UrbanMines yana ba da ƙayyadaddun kataloji na babban tsafta da mahalli masu tsafta. Muhimmancin Rare Duniya Mahalli yana girma da ƙarfi a cikin manyan fasahohin fasaha da yawa kuma ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a yawancin samfura da hanyoyin samarwa. Muna samar da Rare Earth Compounds a maki daban-daban bisa ga bukatun abokin ciniki na kowane mutum, wanda ke aiki azaman albarkatun ƙasa masu mahimmanci a masana'antu daban-daban.
Menene Rare-Earths gabaɗaya ake amfani dashi?
Amfani da masana'antu na farko na ƙasa ba kasafai ba shine na dutse a cikin fitilun wuta. A wancan lokacin, fasahar rabuwa da gyare-gyare ba a samar da ita ba, don haka an yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa mai yawa da abubuwan gishiri ko kuma ƙarfen misch (alloy) wanda bai canza ba.
Daga shekarun 1960, rabuwa da gyare-gyare sun zama mai yiwuwa kuma abubuwan da ke ƙunshe a cikin kowace ƙasa ba kasafai aka bayyana ba. Don haɓaka masana'antar su, an fara amfani da su azaman phosphor bututu na cathode-ray don TV masu launi da kan manyan ruwan tabarau na kamara. Sun ci gaba da ba da gudummawa don rage girma da nauyin kwamfutoci, kyamarori na dijital, na'urori masu jiwuwa da ƙari ta hanyar amfani da su a cikin manyan abubuwan maganadisu na dindindin da batura masu caji.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sun kasance suna samun hankali a matsayin kayan aiki na kayan aiki na hydrogen-absorbing alloys da magnetostriction gami.
