Bincike & Ganowa
Yana kama da lithium da lithium hydroxides a nan don zama, a yanzu: duk da bincike mai zurfi tare da madadin kayan aiki, babu wani abu a sararin sama wanda zai iya maye gurbin lithium a matsayin tubalin ginin fasahar baturi na zamani.
Dukansu lithium hydroxide (LiOH) da lithium carbonate (LiCO3) farashin suna nuna ƙasa a 'yan watannin da suka gabata kuma girgizar kasuwar kwanan nan tabbas ba ta inganta yanayin ba. Koyaya, duk da ɗimbin bincike akan madadin kayan, babu wani abu a sararin sama wanda zai iya maye gurbin lithium a matsayin tubalin ginin fasahar batir na zamani a cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa. Kamar yadda muka sani daga masu kera nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan batirin lithium, shaidan yana kwance daki-daki kuma anan ne ake samun gogewa don inganta yawan kuzari, inganci da amincin sel.
Tare da sabbin motocin lantarki (EVs) ana gabatar da su a kusan tazarar mako-mako, masana'antar tana neman ingantattun tushe da fasaha. Ga waɗancan masana'antun kera motoci ba shi da mahimmanci abin da ke faruwa a cikin ɗakunan bincike. Suna buƙatar samfuran nan da yanzu.
Canji daga lithium carbonate zuwa lithium hydroxide
Har zuwa kwanan nan lithium carbonate ya kasance abin da yawancin masu kera batirin EV suka fi mayar da hankali, saboda ƙirar batirin da ake da su da ake kira cathodes ta amfani da wannan albarkatun ƙasa. Duk da haka, wannan yana gab da canzawa. Lithium hydroxide kuma shine mabuɗin albarkatun ƙasa a cikin samar da cathodes na baturi, amma yana cikin ɗan gajeren wadata fiye da lithium carbonate a halin yanzu. Duk da yake yana da mafi kyawun samfuri fiye da lithium carbonate, ana kuma amfani da shi ta hanyar manyan masu kera batir, waɗanda ke fafatawa da masana'antar mai na masana'antu don albarkatun ƙasa iri ɗaya. Don haka, ana sa ran samar da lithium hydroxide zai yi karanci.
Babban fa'idodin lithium hydroxide cathodes baturi dangane da wasu mahadi na sinadarai sun haɗa da mafi kyawun ƙarfin ƙarfi (ƙarin ƙarfin baturi), tsawon rayuwa da ingantaccen fasalulluka na aminci.
Don haka, buƙatu daga masana'antar batir mai caji ya nuna haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin 2010s, tare da karuwar amfani da manyan batir lithium-ion a aikace-aikacen mota. A cikin 2019, batura masu caji sun kai kashi 54% na jimlar buƙatun lithium, kusan gaba ɗaya daga fasahar batirin Li-ion. Ko da yake saurin haɓakar tallace-tallace na matasan da motocin lantarki ya ba da hankali ga abubuwan da ake buƙata na mahadi na lithium, faɗuwar tallace-tallace a cikin rabin na biyu na 2019 a China - babbar kasuwa don EVs - da raguwar tallace-tallace a duniya sakamakon kulle-kullen da ke da alaƙa da COVID. -19 annoba a farkon rabin na 2020 sun sanya 'birki' na ɗan gajeren lokaci akan haɓaka buƙatun lithium, ta hanyar tasirin buƙatu daga aikace-aikacen baturi da masana'antu. Al'amuran dogon lokaci suna ci gaba da nuna haɓaka mai ƙarfi don buƙatun lithium a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, duk da haka, tare da hasashen buƙatun Roskill ya wuce 1.0Mt LCE a cikin 2027, tare da haɓaka sama da 18% a kowace shekara zuwa 2030.
Wannan yana nuna yanayin don saka hannun jari sosai a cikin samar da LiOH idan aka kwatanta da LiCO3; kuma wannan shine inda tushen lithium ya shigo cikin wasa: spodumene dutsen yana da mahimmancin sassauƙa dangane da tsarin samarwa. Yana ba da damar samar da ingantaccen aikin LiOH yayin da amfani da brine na lithium yakan kai ta LiCO3 a matsayin tsaka-tsaki don samar da LiOH. Don haka, farashin samar da LiOH ya ragu sosai tare da spodumene a matsayin tushen maimakon brine. A bayyane yake cewa, tare da yawan adadin lithium brine da ake samu a duniya, daga ƙarshe dole ne a haɓaka sabbin fasahohin tsari don yin amfani da wannan tushen yadda ya kamata. Tare da kamfanoni daban-daban suna binciken sabbin matakai za mu ga wannan zuwa ƙarshe, amma a yanzu, spodumene shine fare mafi aminci.
