Boron carbide wani kristal baƙar fata ne mai ƙyalli na ƙarfe, wanda kuma aka sani da baki lu'u-lu'u, wanda ke cikin kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba. A halin yanzu, kowa da kowa ya saba da kayan aikin boron carbide, wanda zai iya zama saboda aikace-aikacen sulke na harsashi, saboda yana da mafi ƙanƙanci a tsakanin kayan yumbura, yana da fa'ida na ma'auni mai mahimmanci da ƙarfin ƙarfi, kuma yana iya samun kyakkyawan amfani. na ƙananan karaya don shayar da tsinkaya. Tasirin makamashi, yayin da yake kiyaye nauyin nauyi kamar yadda zai yiwu. Amma a gaskiya ma, boron carbide yana da wasu abubuwa na musamman na musamman, wanda zai iya sa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abubuwan da aka lalata, kayan da aka lalata, masana'antun nukiliya, sararin samaniya da sauran fannoni.
Kaddarorin naboron carbide
Dangane da kaddarorin jiki, taurin boron carbide shine kawai bayan lu'u-lu'u da cubic boron nitride, kuma har yanzu yana iya kiyaye ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mai zafi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kayan juriya mai zafi mai ƙarfi; nauyin boron carbide kadan ne (yawan ka'idar shine kawai 2.52 g / cm3), ya fi sauƙi fiye da kayan yumbu na yau da kullum, kuma ana iya amfani dashi a filin sararin samaniya; boron carbide yana da ƙarfin shanyewar neutron mai ƙarfi, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, da maƙarƙashiya na 2450 ° C, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar nukiliya. Ana iya ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin shayarwar neutron na neutron ta ƙara abubuwan B; boron carbide kayan tare da takamaiman ilimin halittar jiki da tsarin kuma suna da na musamman photoelectric Properties; Bugu da kari, boron carbide yana da babban narke, high na roba modules, low fadada coefficient kuma mai kyau Wadannan abũbuwan amfãni sanya shi m aikace-aikace kayan a da yawa filayen kamar karfe, sinadaran masana'antu, inji, sararin samaniya da kuma soja masana'antu. Misali, sassa masu jure lalata da lalacewa, yin sulke mai hana harsashi, sandunan sarrafa wutar lantarki da abubuwan da ake kira thermoelectric, da sauransu.
Dangane da sinadarai, boron carbide baya amsawa da acid, alkalis da mafi yawan mahadi a cikin dakin da zafin jiki, kuma da kyar yake amsawa da iskar oxygen da iskar halogen a dakin da zafin jiki, kuma sinadarai nasa sun tsaya tsayin daka. Bugu da kari, boron carbide foda yana kunna halogen a matsayin wakili mai ban sha'awa na karfe, kuma boron yana kutsawa a saman karfe don samar da fim din baƙin ƙarfe, ta yadda zai kara karfi da juriya na kayan, kuma sinadaransa suna da kyau.
Dukanmu mun san cewa yanayin kayan yana ƙayyade amfani, don haka a cikin waɗanne aikace-aikace ne boron carbide foda yana da kyakkyawan aiki?Injiniyoyin cibiyar R&D naUrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. ya yi taƙaitaccen bayanin.
Aikace-aikace naboron carbide
1. Boron carbide ana amfani dashi azaman goge goge
Ana amfani da aikace-aikacen boron carbide a matsayin abin gogewa ana amfani dashi musamman don niƙa da gogewar sapphire. Daga cikin manyan abubuwa, taurin boron carbide ya fi na aluminum oxide da silicon carbide, na biyu kawai zuwa lu'u-lu'u da boron nitride cubic. Sapphire shine mafi kyawun kayan da aka fi dacewa don semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs), manyan haɗe-haɗen da'irori SOI da SOS, da manyan fina-finai na nanostructure. Santsin saman yana da girma sosai kuma dole ne ya kasance mai laushi mai laushi Babu matakin lalacewa. Saboda tsananin ƙarfi da taurin sapphire crystal (Mohs hardness 9), ya kawo wahalhalu ga masana'antu.
Ta fuskar kayan aiki da niƙa, mafi kyawun kayan aiki da niƙa lu'ulu'u na sapphire sune lu'u-lu'u na roba, boron carbide, silicon carbide, da silicon dioxide. Taurin lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi yana da yawa (Mohs hardness 10) lokacin da ake nika wafer sapphire, zai taso saman, ya shafi watsa haske na wafer, kuma farashin yana da tsada; bayan yankan silicon carbide, roughness RA yawanci babba ne kuma flatness ba shi da kyau; Duk da haka, taurin silica bai isa ba (Mohs hardness 7), kuma ƙarfin niƙa ba shi da kyau, wanda yake da amfani da lokaci da aiki a cikin aikin nika. Saboda haka, boron carbide abrasive (Mohs hardness 9.3) ya zama mafi kyawun abu don sarrafawa da niƙa lu'ulu'u na sapphire, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin niƙa mai gefe biyu na sapphire wafers da baya bakin ciki da polishing na sapphire na tushen LED epitaxial wafers.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa lokacin da boron carbide ya wuce 600 ° C, za a yi oxidized a cikin fim din B2O3, wanda zai yi laushi da shi zuwa wani matsayi, don haka bai dace da bushewar niƙa a maɗaukakiyar zafin jiki ba a cikin aikace-aikacen abrasive, kawai ya dace. domin polishing ruwa niƙa. Koyaya, wannan kadarar tana hana B4C samun iskar oxygen gabaɗaya, yana mai da shi yana da fa'idodi na musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen kayan haɓakawa.
2. Aikace-aikace a cikin kayan haɓakawa
Boron carbide yana da halaye na anti-oxidation da high zafin jiki juriya. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi azaman kayan haɓaka mai siffa da mara siffa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a fannonin ƙarfe daban-daban, kamar murhun ƙarfe da kayan daki.
Tare da buƙatun ceton makamashi da raguwar amfani a cikin masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe da narke ƙarancin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfe, bincike da haɓaka bulo-bulo mai ƙarancin carbon magnesia-carbon (gaba ɗaya <8% abun ciki na carbon) tare da kyakkyawan aiki ya jawo hankali sosai daga masana'antu na gida da na waje. A halin yanzu, aikin bulo na magnesia-carbon ƙananan-carbon yana haɓaka gabaɗaya ta hanyar haɓaka tsarin carbon ɗin da aka ɗaure, inganta tsarin matrix na tubalin magnesia-carbon, da ƙara ingantaccen antioxidants. Daga cikin su, ana amfani da carbon graphitized wanda ya ƙunshi boron carbide mai darajar masana'antu da baƙar fata mai jadawali. Black composite foda, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman tushen carbon da antioxidant don ƙananan magnesia-carbon tubalin, ya sami sakamako mai kyau.
Tun da boron carbide zai yi laushi zuwa wani matsayi a babban zafin jiki, ana iya haɗa shi zuwa saman sauran abubuwan kayan aiki. Ko da samfurin yana da yawa, fim din B2O3 oxide a saman zai iya samar da wani kariya kuma yana taka rawar anti-oxidation. A lokaci guda, saboda lu'ulu'u na columnar da aka haifar ta hanyar amsawa ana rarraba su a cikin matrix da raguwa na kayan da aka yi amfani da su, an rage girman porosity, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana inganta, kuma ƙarar lu'ulu'u da aka samar yana fadada, wanda zai iya warkar da girma. raguwa da rage fasa.
3. Kayayyakin kariya da harsashi ake amfani da su wajen inganta tsaron kasa
Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ƙarfinsa, ƙaramin ƙayyadaddun nauyi, da babban matakin juriya na ballistic, boron carbide ya dace musamman tare da yanayin kayan kariya masu nauyi. Shi ne mafi kyawun kayan kariya na harsashi don kariya daga jiragen sama, motoci, makamai, da jikin mutum; a halin yanzu,Wasu ƙasashesun ba da shawarar bincike kan sulke mai rahusa boron carbide anti-ballistic sulke, da nufin inganta yawan amfani da sulke na boron carbide anti-ballistic sulke a masana'antar tsaro.
4. Aikace-aikace a masana'antar nukiliya
Boron carbide yana da babban ɓangaren shaye-shaye na Neutron da kuma nau'in nau'in makamashi mai faɗi, kuma a duniya an san shi a matsayin mafi kyawun abin sha ga masana'antar nukiliya. Daga cikin su, sashin thermal na boron-10 isotope yana da girman 347 × 10-24 cm2, na biyu kawai ga wasu ƴan abubuwa kamar gadolinium, samarium, da cadmium, kuma shine ingantacciyar thermal neutron absorber. Bugu da kari, boron carbide yana da wadataccen albarkatu, juriya mai lalata, kyakkyawan yanayin zafi, baya samar da isotopes na rediyo, kuma yana da karancin makamashin ray na biyu, don haka ana amfani da boron carbide a matsayin kayan sarrafawa da kayan kariya a cikin injinan nukiliya.
Misali, a masana'antar nukiliya, injin mai sanyaya gas mai zafi yana amfani da tsarin rufe ball na boron azaman tsarin rufewa na biyu. Idan wani hatsari ya faru, lokacin da tsarin rufewa na farko ya kasa, tsarin na biyu na kashewa yana amfani da adadi mai yawa na boron carbide pellets Free fall a cikin tashar da ke nuna Layer na reactor core, da dai sauransu, don rufe reactor kuma gane sanyi. kashewa, wanda a cikinsa ƙwallon mai ɗaukar hoto akwai ƙwallon graphite mai ɗauke da boron carbide. Babban aikin boron carbide core a cikin ma'aunin zafin jiki mai sanyaya iskar gas shine sarrafa ƙarfi da aminci na reactor. An yi wa bulo na carbon ciki da abin da ke shakar sinadarin boron carbide neutron, wanda zai iya rage iskar neutron na ma'aunin matsin lamba.
A halin yanzu, kayan aikin boride na masu sarrafa makamashin nukiliya galibi sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa: boron carbide (sandunan sarrafawa, sandunan garkuwa), boric acid (mai daidaitawa, mai sanyaya), ƙarfen boron (sandunan sarrafawa da kayan ajiya don makamashin nukiliya da sharar nukiliya), boron Europium (kayan guba mai ƙonewa), da sauransu.