A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, aikace-aikacen reagents na lanthanide a cikin haɗin kwayoyin halitta an haɓaka ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki. Daga cikin su, an gano yawancin reagents na lanthanide suna da zaɓaɓɓen catalysis a cikin halayen haɗin carbon-carbon; a lokaci guda, yawancin reagents na lanthanide an samo su suna da kyawawan halaye a cikin halayen iskar shaka da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta don canza ƙungiyoyin aiki. Amfani da aikin gona da ba kasafai ba, nasara ce ta binciken kimiyya tare da halayen Sinawa da ma'aikatan kimiyya da fasaha na kasar Sin suka samu bayan shekaru da dama da suka yi aiki tukuru, kuma an karfafa shi sosai a matsayin wani muhimmin mataki na kara yawan noma a kasar Sin. Rare duniya carbonate yana da sauƙi mai narkewa a cikin acid don samar da daidaitattun salts da carbon dioxide, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su cikin dacewa a cikin haɗar gishirin ƙasa daban-daban da hadaddun ba tare da gabatar da ƙazantar anionic ba. Alal misali, yana iya amsawa da acid mai ƙarfi kamar nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, da sulfuric acid don samar da gishiri mai narkewa da ruwa. Yi amsa tare da phosphoric acid da hydrofluoric acid don canzawa zuwa phosphates da fluorides marasa narkewa. Yi amsa tare da yawancin acid Organic don samar da madaidaitan mahadi na kwayoyin halitta masu dacewa. Suna iya zama hadaddun cations masu narkewa ko hadaddun anions, ko žasa da mahaɗan tsaka-tsaki masu narkewa suna haɓaka gwargwadon ƙimar maganin. A gefe guda, carbonate na duniya da ba kasafai ba za a iya bazuwa zuwa daidaitattun oxides ta hanyar ƙididdigewa, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su kai tsaye wajen shirya sabbin kayan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba. A halin yanzu, yawan sinadarin carbon carbon da ba kasafai ba a duk shekara a kasar Sin ya kai ton 10,000, wanda ya kai sama da kashi daya bisa hudu na dukkan kayayyakin da ba kasafai ake samun su a duniya ba, lamarin da ke nuni da cewa samar da masana'antu da aikace-aikace na carbon carbonate da ba kasafai ba na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen raya kasa. da rare duniya masana'antu.
Cerium carbonate fili ne na inorganic tare da tsarin sinadarai na C3Ce2O9, nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 460, logP na -7.40530, PSA na 198.80000, wurin tafasa na 333.6ºC a 760 mmHg, da madaidaicin walƙiya na 169.8ºC. A cikin samar da masana'antu na kasa da ba kasafai ba, cerium carbonate wani abu ne na tsaka-tsaki don shirya samfuran cerium daban-daban kamar gishirin cerium daban-daban da cerium oxide. Yana da fa'idar amfani da yawa kuma shine muhimmin samfurin ƙasa mai haske da ba kasafai ba. The hydrated cerium carbonate crystal yana da nau'in tsarin lanthanite, kuma hotonsa na SEM ya nuna cewa ainihin siffar hydrated cerium carbonate crystal yana kama da flake, kuma an haɗa flakes tare da raunin mu'amala don samar da tsari mai kama da petal, kuma tsarin yana kwance, don haka a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin injin yana da sauƙi a rataye cikin ƙananan gutsuttsura. Cerium carbonate da aka saba samarwa a cikin masana'antar a halin yanzu yana da kashi 42-46% na jimlar ƙasa da ba kasafai ba bayan bushewa, wanda ke iyakance haɓakar samar da cerium carbonate.
Wani nau'in ƙarancin amfani da ruwa, ingantaccen ingancin, samar da cerium carbonate baya buƙatar bushewa ko bushewa bayan bushewa na centrifugal, kuma adadin ƙarancin ƙasa na iya kaiwa 72% zuwa 74%, kuma tsarin yana da sauƙi kuma guda ɗaya. mataki tsari don shirya cerium carbonate tare da babban adadin m kasa. Anyi amfani da makircin fasaha mai zuwa: ana amfani da hanyar mataki ɗaya don shirya cerium carbonate tare da babban adadin ƙasa maras nauyi, wato, maganin cerium tare da taro mai yawa na CeO240-90g / L yana mai zafi a 95 ° C. zuwa 105 ° C, kuma ana ƙara ammonium bicarbonate a ƙarƙashin motsawa akai-akai don haɓaka cerium carbonate. An daidaita adadin ammonium bicarbonate ta yadda ƙimar pH na ruwan abinci a ƙarshe an daidaita shi zuwa 6.3 zuwa 6.5, kuma adadin ƙari ya dace don kada ruwan abinci ya fita daga cikin tudu. Maganin ciyarwar cerium shine aƙalla ɗaya na cerium chloride aqueous bayani, cerium sulfate aqueous solution ko cerium nitrate aqueous solution. Ƙungiyar R&D na UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. yana ɗaukar sabuwar hanyar haɗawa ta hanyar ƙara ingantaccen ammonium bicarbonate ko maganin ammonium bicarbonate mai ruwa.
Ana iya amfani da cerium carbonate don shirya cerium oxide, cerium dioxide da sauran nanomaterials. Aikace-aikace da misalai sune kamar haka:
1. Gilashin violet na anti-glare wanda ke ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet da ƙarfi da ɓangaren rawaya na haske mai gani. Dangane da abun da ke ciki na gilashin gilashin soda-lime-silica na yau da kullun, ya haɗa da waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa a cikin adadin kuzari: silica 72 ~ 82%, sodium oxide 6 ~ 15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8% , Alumina 0 ~ 3%, baƙin ƙarfe oxide 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%. Gilashin kauri na 4mm yana da watsa haske na bayyane sama da 80%, watsawar ultraviolet kasa da 15%, da watsawa a tsawon zangon 568-590 nm kasa da 15%.
2. Fenti mai ceton makamashi na endothermic, wanda aka kwatanta a cikin cewa an samar da shi ta hanyar hadawa da kayan aiki na fim, kuma ana samar da filler ta hanyar hada kayan albarkatun da ke cikin sassa da nauyi: 20 zuwa 35 sassa na silicon dioxide, da 8 zuwa 20 sassa na aluminum oxide. , 4 zuwa 10 sassa na titanium oxide, 4 zuwa 10 sassa na zirconia, 1 zuwa 5 sassa na zinc oxide, 1 zuwa 5 sassa na magnesium oxide, 0.8 zuwa 5 sassa na silicon carbide, 0.02 zuwa 0.5 sassa na yttrium oxide, da kuma 0.01 zuwa sassa 1.5 na chromium oxide. sassa, 0.01-1.5 sassa na kaolin, 0.01-1.5 sassa na rare duniya kayan, 0.8-5 sassa na carbon baki, da barbashi girman da kowane albarkatun kasa ne 1-5 μm; A cikinsa, ƙananan kayan ƙasa sun haɗa da sassan 0.01-1.5 na lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 sassan cerium carbonate 1.5 sassan praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 zuwa 1.5 sassan praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 zuwa 1.5 sassa na neodymium carbonate zuwa 0.5 sassa na neodymium 1 zuwa 0.05 sassa. nitrate; kayan aikin fim shine potassium sodium carbonate; da potassium sodium carbonate an gauraye da guda nauyi na potassium carbonate da sodium carbonate. Matsakaicin haɗakar nauyi na filler da kayan aikin fim shine 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 ko 4.8: 5.2. Bugu da ari, wani nau'in hanyar shiri na fenti mai ceton makamashi na endothermic yana da alaƙa da wannan ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
Mataki na 1, shirye-shiryen filler, da farko auna 20-35 sassa na silica, 8-20 sassa na alumina, 4-10 sassa na titanium oxide, 4-10 sassa na zirconia, da kuma 1-5 sassa na zinc oxide da nauyi. . , 1 zuwa 5 sassa na magnesium oxide, 0.8 zuwa 5 sassa na silicon carbide, 0.02 zuwa 0.5 sassa na yttrium oxide, 0.01 zuwa 1.5 sassa na chromium trioxide, 0.01 zuwa 1.5 sassa na kaolin, 0.01 zuwa 1.5 sassa na kasa kayan. 0.8 zuwa 5 sassa na carbon baƙar fata, sa'an nan kuma haɗe-haɗe a cikin mahaɗin don samun filler; A cikinsa, ƙananan kayan duniya sun haɗa da sassan 0.01-1.5 na lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 sassan cerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 sassan praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 sassan neodymium carbonate da 0.01-1.5 sassa na promethiumt;
Mataki na 2, shirye-shiryen kayan aikin fim, kayan aikin fim shine sodium potassium carbonate; da farko a auna potassium carbonate da sodium carbonate bi da bi da nauyi, sa'an nan kuma gauraye su a ko'ina don samun kayan samar da fim; da sodium potassium carbonate ne daidai nauyi na potassium carbonate da sodium carbonate suna gauraye;
Mataki 3, da hadawa rabo na filler da fim abu da nauyi ne 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 ko 4.8: 5.2, da kuma cakuda ne uniformly gauraye da kuma tarwatsa don samun cakuda;
A mataki na 4, cakuda yana niƙa ball na tsawon sa'o'i 6-8, sa'an nan kuma an samo samfurin da aka gama ta hanyar wucewa ta hanyar allo, kuma raga na allon shine 1-5 μm.
3. Shiri na ultrafine cerium oxide: Amfani da hydrated cerium carbonate a matsayin precursor, ultrafine cerium oxide tare da matsakaicin barbashi girman kasa da 3 μm aka shirya ta kai tsaye ball milling da calcination. Samfuran da aka samu duk suna da tsarin fluorite mai siffar sukari. Kamar yadda calcination zafin jiki ƙara, barbashi girman da kayayyakin rage, da barbashi size rarraba zama kunkuntar da crystallinity karuwa. Duk da haka, da polishing ikon uku daban-daban tabarau nuna matsakaicin darajar tsakanin 900 ℃ da 1000 ℃. Saboda haka, an yi imani da cewa kau kudi na gilashin surface abubuwa a lokacin polishing tsari yana da matukar tasiri da barbashi size, crystallinity da surface aiki na polishing foda.