Polyester (Pet) fiber shine mafi yawan nau'ikan fiber na roba. Tufafin da aka yi da Fiber Polyester sunyi dadi, kintsattse, mai sauƙin wanka, da sauri don bushewa. Hakanan ana amfani da polyester da yawa azaman kayan albarkatun kasa don shirya, masana'antu masana'antu, da kuma shingen injiniya. A sakamakon haka, Polyester Polyester ya haɓaka cikin sauri a duk duniya, yana ƙaruwa a matsakaicin adadin shekara 7% kuma tare da babban fitarwa.
Za'a iya samarwa da Polythyst zuwa Dimetlyl Terephrate (DMT) hanya da terephthalh acid (PTA) a cikin hanyar aiwatar da tsari kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa tsari da kuma ci gaba da aiwatarwa cikin tsari. Ko da ba tare da la'akari da hanyar samarwa ba, da polycondation dauki yana buƙatar amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙarfe a matsayin masu conlysts. Halin polycondationsation shine mabuɗin tushe a cikin tsarin samar da polyester, da lokacin polycondingsation shine bublelenck don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa. Inganta tsarin mai kara mai kara kuzari ne mai mahimmanci ga inganta ingancin polyester da rage lokacin polycondation.
Birane na birane. Limitedungiyar Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin R & D ya kware a cikin R & D, samarwa, da kuma bayar da tabbatacciyar magana game da kalaman Polyester Trealxide, ution acetate, da uteletald glycol. Mun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a kan wadannan kayayyakin-din sashen Urban. A yanzu yana taƙaita amfani da bincike da aikace-aikacen samar da kayayyaki masu yawa.
Malaman gida da kasashen waje sun yi imanin cewa polyester polycondensation ne na tsararren sarkar hadin gwiwa don samar da oryren na Arc na Carbonyl oxysis. Don Polycondensation, tunda Electron Cloppron Decity na Carbonyl Oxygen a cikin Hydroxyethyethyl Estit grouper ne in mun gwada da lowing, da electromeugatival da kuma sauƙaƙe daidaitawa da sarkar sarkar.
The following can be used as polyester catalysts: Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ti, Nb, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Hg and other metal oxides, alcoholates, carboxylates, borates, halides and amines, ureas, Guanidines, sulfur-dauke da mahadi na kwayoyin. Koyaya, castyststs waɗanda ake amfani da su a halin yanzu suna yi amfani da su a masana'antu a masana'antu galibi sune galibi SB, ge, da kuma jerin mahadi. Babban adadin karatu ya nuna cewa: Consalysts na Ge-na Ge-da yawa suna da karancin halayen dabbobi kuma suna samar da kyawawan dabbobi masu inganci, amma ayyukansu ba su da yawa, kuma suna da tsada kaɗan; Masu gabatar da kai na Ti-na tushen suna da saurin aiki da sauri sun yi saurin daukar hankali da kuma launin rawaya na samfurin PBT, ptt, ptt, da sauransu.; Cajin da ke tattare da sb-tushen ba kawai aiki. Ingancin samfurin yana da girma saboda sb-tushen castysts sun fi aiki tuƙuru, suna da ƙarancin halayen, kuma masu rahusa ne. Saboda haka, an yi amfani da su sosai. Among them, the most commonly used Sb-based catalysts are antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), antimony acetate (Sb(CH3COO)3), etc.
Neman tarihin ci gaba na masana'antar Polyester, zamu iya gano cewa sama da 90% na tsire-tsire na polyester a cikin duniya suna amfani da antaleter. By 2000, China ta gabatar da tsire-tsire polyester da yawa, duk abin da ya yi amfani da kayan masarufi a matsayin mai kara kuzari, galibi SB2O3 da SB (ch3coo) 3. Ta hanyar kokarin hadin gwiwar Sinanci, jami'o'i, da kuma sassan samarwa, wadannan takaddun biyu sukan samar da su sosai.
Tun daga 1999, kamfanin sinadarai na Faransa Elf ya ƙaddamar da utlyLid (SB2 (Och2ch2co) 3] Mai kara kuzari a matsayin samfurin inganta kayan gargajiya na gargajiya. Kayan kwalliyar polyester da aka samar da manyan fararen fata da kyawawan iri, wanda ya jawo hankalin mai hankali daga cibiyoyin bincike na cikin gida, masana'antu, da masana'antar Polyester a China.
I. Bincike da aikace-aikacen utioxide
Amurka ta kasance daya daga cikin kasashe mafi farko da ke farawa don samar da kuma amfani SB2O3. A shekarar 1961, yawan SB2O3 a Amurka ya kai tan 4,943. A cikin 1970s, kamfanoni biyar a Japan samar SB2O3 tare da jimlar samarwa na 6,360 a shekara.
Rukunin bincike na Sin na SB2O3 ana mai da hankali ne a cikin tsoffin kamfanoni na gwamnatin jihar a lardin Hunan da Shanghai. Birane na birane. Litaita kuma ya kafa layin samar da kwararru a lardin Hunan.
(I). Hanya don samar da amincin trioxide
Yin amfani da SB2O3 yawanci yana amfani da iredan ore a matsayin albarkatun kasa. An kirkiri iron adon karfe, sa'an nan kuma an samar da SB2O3 ta amfani da ution na ƙarfe kamar kayan albarkatun kasa.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don samar da SB2O3 daga ƙarfe ution: kai tsaye da hadawan abu da hadari da nitrogen.
1. Kai tsaye hanyar oxideation
Irony irony yana rike da oxygen a karkashin dumama don samar da SB2O3. Tsarin dauki shine kamar haka:
4SB + 3o2 == 2Sb2o3
2. Ammonolysis
Idan askarancin ƙarfe na hutawa tare da chlorine don haɓaka antaly tayin tayin time3, a bushe, kuma ya bushe don samun samfurin SB2O3. Ainihin dauki daidaitawa shine:
2SB + 3Cl2 == 2SBCl3
SBCL3 + H2O == SBOCL + 2HCL
4SBOCl + H2O == sb2o3 + 2SBcl + 2hcl
SB2O3ALACE + + OH == 2SB2O3 + 2NH4Cl + h2o
(Ii). Amfani da ant utidenal Trioxide
Babban amfani da ant utily talla Trioxide shine mai kara kuzari ga polymasase da harshen wuta na roba don kayan roba.
A cikin masana'antar Polyester, SB2O3 an fara amfani dashi azaman mai kara kuzari. Ana amfani da sb2o3 a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto na PLYCED don hanyar DMT kuma farkon PTA kuma ana amfani dashi a hade tare da H3po4 ko enzymes.
(Iii). Matsaloli tare da antalonal Trioxide
SB2O3 yana da talauci a Ethylene glycol, tare da warware matsalar kawai 4.04% a 150 ° C. Sabili da haka, lokacin da Ethylene Glycol ana amfani dashi don shirya mai kara kuzari, wanda zai iya haifar da asara mai yawa a cikin tsarin polymerization, kuma kawo matsaloli don zubo. Don haɓaka ƙwallafa da watsawa na SB2O3 a Ethylene glycol, an yi amfani da shi don amfani da yawan zafin jiki na musaya zuwa sama da 150 ° C. Koyaya, sama da 120 ° C, SB2O3 da Ethylene glycol na iya samar da uthypynation, wanda zai iya haifar da "hazo a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da kuma shafi ingancin samfuri.
II. Bincike da aikace-aikacen acetate
Hanyar amfani da acetonar acetate
Da farko, acetimony sharon acetate an shirya ta hanyar maido da maganin acecovide tare da acid acetic acid, an yi amfani da anhydride a matsayin wanda ya fi amfani da ruwa don shan ruwan da aka samo. Ingancin samfurin da aka gama ta wannan hanyar ba ta da girma, kuma ta ɗauki fiye da awanni 30 don narke acid acid. Daga baya, ant antal riga acetate an shirya ta maido da utiony utiony, antonaral Toriclide, ko antalony Trioxide tare da acetichydride tare da buƙatar wakili mai narkewa.
1. Antalon hanya takaice hanya
A cikin 1947, H. Schmidt et al. A Yammacin Jamus tattalin SB (Ch3COO) 3 ta hanyar maimaitawar SBCL3 tare da acetic Arhydride. Tsarin dauki kamar haka:
SBCL3 + 3 (Ch3Co) 2o == SB (ch3coo) 3 + 3CH3Cl
2. Antony karfe hanyar
A shekara ta 1954, TapayBea na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ya shirya SB (Ch3coo) 3 ta mayar da martani a cikin mafita na biriren. Tsarin dauki shine:
Sb + (ch3coo) 2 == sb (ch3coo) 3
3. Antalon talla
A cikin 1957, F. nedel na Yammacin Jamus sun yi amfani da SB2O3 don amsawa tare da acetichydride don samar da SB (ch3coo) 3.
SB2O3 + 3 (Ch3Co) 2o == 2SB (Ch3COO) 3
Rashin kyawun wannan hanyar shine cewa lu'ulu'u ne ana tara shi zuwa manyan abubuwa kuma sun tsaya da gaske ga bangon ciki na mai amsawa, wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin samfurin.
4. Antalon talla
Don shawo kan kasawar da ke sama, ana yawan ƙara tsaka tsararraki a lokacin da aka dauki SB2O3 da acetic anhydride. Shirin da aka shirya shine kamar haka:
(1) A shekarar 1968, R. Thoms na kamfanin Chinent kamfanin sun buga lambarta Acetate. Patent amfani da Xylene (O-, M-, p-, m-ylene, ko cakuda shi) azaman tsaka tsatso na acetate.
(2) A shekarar 1973, mashahurin Czech ya kirkiro wata hanya don samar da kyakkyawan acetaneate ta amfani da Toluene a matsayin sauran ƙarfi a matsayin sauran ƙarfi.
III. Kwatanta wasu ayoyi uku
| Utity TORIOXID | Uthony Acetate | Antialone glycate | |
| Ka'idodi na asali | Da aka sani da aka sani game da antalate fararen fata, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar sb 2 o 3, nauyi mai nauyi 291.51, fararen foda, fararen foda, melting Points 656 ℃. Abubuwan da ke ciki na sirri abun ciki ne kusan 83.53%. Harshen dangi 5.20g / ml. Solumle cikin mai da hankali hydrochloric acid, mai da hankali acid, mai da hankali Tartaric acid da alkalin bayani, insolu a ruwa, giya, a cikin ruwa sulfuric acid. | Tsarin Tsarin kwayoyin halitta SB (AC), nauyi na kwayoyin halitta kusan 406-131 ℃, Fensity Points a cikin Ethylene glycol, Toluene da Xylene. | Tsarin Tsarin Abinci na SB 2 (misali) 3, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ita ce kusan 523.68, bayyanar datti tana da farin lu'ulu'u ne, mai guba da m, mai sauƙin sha danshi. Yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ethylene glycol. |
| Hanya Hanya da Fasaha | Mafi yawan hanyar STSThezed ta hanyar Stibnite: 2sb 2 s 3 + 2 → sb 2 o 3 → sb 2 o 3 → sb 2 o + 2 | Masana'antar da aka yi amfani da ita ta SB 2 O 3 -srovent hanya don kira: SB2O3 + 3 (ch3co) 2o crestreled → SP (AC (AC Anahhydrous, SB 2 O 3 ba zai iya kasancewa a cikin rigar ƙasa ba, da kuma kayan samar da kayan samuma dole su bushe. | Masana'antu musamman suna amfani da SB 2 o 3 don daidaita: SB 2 o + UP 2 → SP 2 → SP 2 → rabuwa da crystallization → rabuwa da crystallization → rabuwa da bushewa → snternote: Tsarin samarwa yana buƙatar ware daga ruwa don hana hydrolysis. Wannan amsawar dauki ne mai juyawa, kuma gaba daya ana inganta amsawar ta amfani da wuce haddi Ethylene glycol da cire ruwan. |
| Amfani | Farashin ya kasance mai araha, yana da sauƙi don amfani, yana da ayyukan coatalttic na matsakaici da gajeriyar lokacin polycondation. | Acid Acetate yana da kyakkyawar yin amfani da glycol a Ethylene glycol kuma ana iya inganta ingancin ayyukan catalytene, wanda ke da lalata lalata, kyakkyawan zazzabi da kwanciyar hankali. A lokaci guda, ta amfani da acetate acetate a matsayin mai kara kuzari ba ya buƙatar ƙarin ƙari na haɗin gwiwa da maimaitawa. A dauki na aciony tsarin catalytic tsarin yana da m, kuma ingancin samfurin yana da girma, musamman launi, musamman launi ne na maganin utide (sb 2 o 3 o 3). | Mai kara kuzari yana da babban sikelin a Ethylene glycol; An cire eltent antilyical, da kuma rashin daidaituwa kamar sulfate da sulfate da ƙananan ra'ayi a cikin amfani da zazzabi ya fi na SB 2 o 3 idan aka kwatanta da SB (AC) 3, adadin SB 3+ wanda ke taka rawar gani na catalyttic ya fi girma. Launi na samfurin polyester wanda SB) 3 ya fi na SB 2 O 3 dan kadan sama da na asali, yana yin mai haske sama da fari; |
| Ɓarna | Karatu a cikin Ethylene glycol ba shi da kyau, 4.04% a 150 ° C. A aikace, ethylene glycol ya wuce kima ko zazzabi da aka rushe yana ƙaruwa sama da sama da 150 ° C. Koyaya, lokacin da SB 2 O 3 ya dogara da Ethylene glycol na dogon lokaci a sama da 120 ° C, wanda zai iya haifar da "launin toka mai kyau" a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Fanarwar phenenon ta polyverent acileth uties na faruwa yayin shirye-shiryen SB 2 O 3, da ingantaccen tsabta na anile ya shafa. | Da ayoyin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi ne in mun gwada da low; Rashin ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta na Acetic acid ya gabatar da kayan haɗi, ƙazanta yanayin, kuma ba su da hankali ga maganin shararatasa; Tsarin samarwa yana da hadaddun, yanayin muhalli na aiki matalauta ne, akwai guragu, kuma samfurin yana da sauƙin canza launi. Abu ne mai sauki a bazu lokacin da aka mai tsanani, da kayayyakin hydrolysis sune SB2O3 da Ch3COOH. Lokacin zama na abu yana da tsawo, musamman a mataki na ƙarshe na ƙarshe, wanda yake da muhimmanci fiye da tsarin SB2O3. | Amfani da SB 2 (misali) 3 Yana ƙara yawan kuɗin mai ɗanɗano na na'urar (haɓaka farashin na iya zama kawai idan ana amfani da 25% na dabbar da son kai don samar da filayen filastik). Bugu da kari, darajar B na samfurin ya kara dan kadan. |